WEEK THREE WORDS
(LATIN KINGDOM TO 1174)
ASSISES
( a word with several meanings: here both lawbooks and the
legislative acts they purport to record)
"ELECTION" (from Latin
ELIGO, to choose, Select)
SUZERAINTY From Old French "sovrin, sovrainete, meaning
highly-placed, summit, and so top person, as in our "sovereign".
Generally, lordship or, at a pinch, overlordship makes better sense
before the modern period.
POWER and AUTHORITY
HAUTE COUR (High Court, the local equivalent of royal court or
Curia Regis)
THREE ORDERS: ORATORES, BELLATORES,
LABORATORES. This division of society into three, though very
ancient, is fouind in the West as an organizing motif from the tenth
century, Those who pray, those who fight and those who work are in
descending order of importance.
SERFS, though unfree, usually
live on land which they may regard as their own, and so differ from the
even more closely controlled slaves
INCIDENTS. These are windfall consequences of lordship (so
often called Feudal Incidents). Examples are WARDSHIP (the right to look after a
dead man's heir and meanwhile take the profits from his estates), MARRIAGE (the right to give an
heiress, or sometimes male heir, away in marriage, to your profit), AID (the right to seek on a
supposedly voluntary basis military or more often financial aid in an
hour of need, the standard basis for medieval taxation), ESCHEAT (the right to be the
residual heir and take over a dead vassal's lands if he leaves none or
in the event of confiscation for some serious offense)
OUTREMER (= Overseas, Abriad,
generally indicating a Westerner's view of Palestine, but also used by
Syrians of Western Europe)
BAILLI (Guardian as in
Wardship, but also Regent, Guardian of the kingdom when the king is
captured or too ill to rule, or dead leaving an heir too young to rule)
QUEEN MELISENDE
HUGH (II) OF LE PUISET, Lord of JAFFA
WILLIAM OF TYRE with his HISTORY one of the very greatest
medieval writers of history
PEERS (from Old French "par",
equal)
JOSHUA PRAWER
ZENGI, NUREDDIN
TITHE (one tenth, as in the amount Christians are supposed to
give in alms to the poor, but also used for a tax of one tenth of
movable property)
BOURGEOIS (from Old French
"bourg", defensible place or borough, in Palestine not necessarily
urban, so non-noble inhabitant like burgess but different)
LO CODI (Provencal law code
that lpriovided the main source of the Latin Kingdom's ASSISE DES BOURGEOIS)
LETTERS OF THE HOLY SEPULCHER
PARLEMENT
FAMILIARES
COUNSEL Another duty owed to (feudal) lords, as in Aid &
Counsel, Counsel & Consent.
ASSISE SUR LA LIGECE
ASSIZE OF NOVEL DISSEISIN
DUE PROCESS
MARONITE
COUNCIL OF NABLUS 1120